No system of protected areas could be set up or managed without the participation and participation of people. Two main themes will be discussed in this area. First, the program will seek to strengthen the implementation of issues related to the governance of protected areas, including the assessment and recognition of the diversity of types of governance for protected areas, as well as the diversity and quality of governance at the system and location level. These include the full range of protected areas conserved by governments, indigenous peoples and local communities, by private actors and, in many cases, where they are combined as shared governance, including by the governance of several agencies on the landscape and cross-border governance beyond the borders of sovereign states. Second, the programme will focus on the issue of social assessment of protected areas, recognition of benefit rights and the distribution of the costs and benefits of the creation and management of protected areas. The entry into force of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Distribution of Benefits will have an impact on the social assessment of protected areas. IUCN WCPA has fought for many years to improve management efficiency and has been supported by CBD decisions, in which national governments have agreed to conduct evaluations of management effectiveness as a routine component of their national evaluation and reporting systems. Management effectiveness assessments assess the extent to which all necessary systems and processes are implemented in protected areas and identify opportunities for improvement. However, there is still a need for an international standard that would demonstrate the success of protected areas in achieving their objectives, including their biological, social and economic objectives. IUCN GPAP is therefore investing in a new global standard, the IUCN Green List, which lists protected areas that meet minimum efficiency standards.
A new UN proposal calls for national parks, marine protected areas and other protected areas to cover nearly a third or more of the planet by 2030, in order to avoid a sixth mass extinction and slow warming. Latin American and Caribbean countries protect most of their country, with an area of nearly 5 million square kilometres.
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